Meconopsis biluoensis (Papaveraceae), a new species revealed by population-level investigation.

Meconopsis biluoensis, a new species of Papaveraceae in an alpine meadow from Yunnan, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it resembles Meconopsis georgei, while it is distinct in acaulescent and hispid with clearly expanded bases on the leaves. A genus-level molecular phylogenetic analysis supported the closest relationship between M. biluoensis and M. georgei. In a finer population-level molecular phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the chloroplast genome, individuals from M. biluoensis and M. georgei were clearly separated, and the extremely short branch length indicated that the two species had a very short differentiation time. The species has currently been assessed as "endangered" (EN) due to its small-sized population and narrow distribution following the IUCN categories and criteria.

Recent advances on cyclodepsipeptides: biologically active compounds for drug research.

Cyclodepsipeptides are a large family of peptide-related natural products consisting of hydroxy and amino acids linked by amide and ester bonds. A number of cyclodepsipeptides have been isolated and characterized from fungi and bacteria. Most of them showed antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, antimalarial, and antitrypanosomal properties. Herein, this review summarizes the recent literatures (2010-2022) on the progress of cyclodepsipeptides from fungi and bacteria except for those of marine origin, in order to enrich our knowledge about their structural features and biological sources.

Two new furofuran lignan glycoside derivatives from the fruit of Forsythia suspensa.

Phytochemical investigation of 95% ethanol extract of the fruit of Forsythia suspensa resulted in the isolation of two new furofuran lignan glycoside derivatives pinoresinoside A (1) and phillyrigeninside A (2), along with three known ones. Their structures were established based on extensive spectroscopic data analyses and comparison with literature data. Absolute configuration of 1 was determined by CD method. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 were revealed to show in vitro cytotoxicity against human tumor cell lines (SGC-7901, MCF-7 and HepG2), with IC50 values ranging from 16.77 to 37.35 µM. [Formula: see text].

Nitrogen fixation characteristics of root nodules in different peanut varieties and their relationship with yield.

Root nodules in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) could directly utilize nitrogen (N) in the atmosphere as N source, which plays an important role in the N supply in peanut. However, little is known about the mechanism of efficient N fixation by root nodule. In this study, 15N tracer technology was used to investigate the characteristics of N fixation by root nodule and its relationship with peanut yields of 19 varieties in a pot culture experiment. Results showed that there were significant differences in nodule number, fresh quality, internal material, N fixation amount and other related indices among different varieties. The range of number and fresh mass of root nodule was 170.59-696.15 per pot and 0.83-3.74 g per pot, with coefficients of variation (CV) of 36.1% and 41.1%, respectively. The range of leghaemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity was 15.51-23.23 mg per pot and 2.75-20.46 µmol C2H4·h-1 per pot, with CV of 13.1% and 57.2%, respectively. The CV of nitrogenase activity was significantly higher than that of leghaemoglobin content, indicating that nitrogenase activity was not only affected by leghaemoglobin content but also other factors. The range of N fixation by root nodule and total N accumulation was 0.71-1.82 and 2.16-3.72 g per pot, with CV of 21.6% and 12.9%, respectively. The CV of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter, indicating that other N sources could automatically compensate the deficit when N fixation of root nodule was insufficient. Nitrogen fixation by root nodule was one of the main N sources for peanut, while the average N supply percentage was more than 40% of the total N, with a maximum of 50%. Cultivating the variety with high N supply capacity is an effective way for N-saving cultivation in the peanut production. Except for nodule number, there were significantly positive correlations between the other indices and peanut yield, indicating that the physiological indicators of N fixation were closely related to N fixation capacity by root nodule and the final yield. Therefore, enhancing these characters would help achieve high yield of peanut and simultaneously reduce fertilizer application.

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A total of twenty genotypes of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) were used to investigate the differences in nitrogen (N) utilization characteristics in a pot experiment with 15N isotope tracing analysis. Results showed the main N sources for peanut in high fertility soils following as soil N source > N fixed by root nodule source > fertilizer N source. The N uptake and accumulation in peanut from total N and the three N supplied sources (fertilizer N, soil N and N fixation) varied among the different genotypes. N fixation source had the largest genetic variation among the twenty genotypes while genetic variation for fertilizer N source and soil N source were lower and similar. Significant differences showed among the twenty genotypes in pod producing efficiency of N and N use efficiency, and the highest values were respectively 3.6 and 2.1 times of the lowest values. There were also significant differences among the twenty genotypes in the harvest indexes of total N, fertilizer N source, soil N source and N fixation source, and the largest variation showed in the harvest index of N fixation source. The pod yields significantly or extremely significantly corrected with N accumulation amounts from different N sources, N harvest index, pod producing efficiency of N, and N use efficiency. According to N uptake and accumulation and pod yield, four major types of peanut were classified, namely high total N accumulation high yield type, high fertilizer N source high yield type, high soil N source high yield type, and high N fixation source high yield type. Four of the twenty genotypes had all characteristics of the four major types.